Entrepreneurship Intention among Nepalese MBA Graduates: Impact of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55712/ijsri.v7i2.79Keywords:
entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneur, graduate studentsAbstract
The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to examine the effects of seven entrepreneurial ecosystem factors on entrepreneurship intention among Nepalese MBA students, in Kathmandu Valley. The research employed structural equation modelling (SEM) to interpret the perception-based survey data collected from 343 respondents. The empirical results indicate a strong positive correlation between individual capabilities and entrepreneurial intention. Students’ perception of an informal support system has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. The study suggested that an elevated level of entrepreneurial ecosystem development is not required to influence entrepreneurial intention; improvement on some factors like family and social support, skill-building education, and training might increase entrepreneurial intentions. This research offers educators and policymakers with the opportunity to develop entrepreneurial skills among students, and to provide the infrastructure support which can serve as a basis for translating intentions into actions to address significant employment gaps present in developing economies like Nepal.
References
Acharya, U., & Pandey, C. (2018). Women’s entrepreneurial ecosystem in Nepal: A study basedon Kathmandu valley. Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research, 2(2), 5-18. doi:10.47670/wuwijar201822CPUA
Ahmad, S. Z., & Xavier, S. R. (2012). Entrepreneurial environments and growth: Evidence from Malaysia GEM data. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 50-69. doi:10.1108/17561391211200939
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Akhter, R., & Sumi, F. R. (2014). Socio-cultural factors influencing entrepreneurial activities: A study on Bangladesh. Journal of Business and Management, 16(9), 1-10.
Ali, I., Ali, M., & Badghish, S. (2019). Symmetric and asymmetric modeling of entrepreneurial ecosystem in developing entrepreneurial intentions among female university students in saudi arabia. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(4), 435-458.
Aljarwan, A. A., Yahya, B. A., Almarzooqi, B. M., & Mezher, T. (2019). Examining the framework of entrepreneurial ecosystems: A case study on the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(3). Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/examining-theframework- of-entrepreneurial-ecosystems-a-case-study-on-the-unitedarab-emirates-8555.html
Al Saiqal, N.Y., Ryan, J.C., & Parcero, O.J. (2019). Entrepreneurial intention and UAE youth: Unique influencers of entrepreneurial intentions in an emerging country context. Journal of East-West Business, 25(2), 144-165.
Aoyama, Y. (2009). Entrepreneurship and Regional Culture: The Case of Hamamatsu and Kyoto, Japan. Regional Studies, 43. 495-512.10.1080/00343400902777042.
Arruda, C., Nogueira, V. S., & Costa, V. (2013). The Brazilian entrepreneurial ecosystem of startups: An analysis of entrepreneurship determinants in brazil as seen from the OECD pillars. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 2(3), 17-57.
Arshad, M., Farooq, O., & Farooq, M. (2019). The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on entrepreneurial intentions: The moderating role of collectivist orientation. Management Decision, 57(3), 649-668.
Bosma, N. & Sternberg, R. (2014) Entrepreneurship as an Urban Event? Empirical Evidence from European Cities. Regional Studies, 48:6, 1016-1033, DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2014.904041
Botelho, T., Mason, C. and Chalvatzis, K. (2023) 50 shades of green angel investing in green businesses. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 70(3), 950-962. (doi: 10.1109/tem.2022.3167282)
Brown, R. & Mason, C. (2017) Looking inside the spiky bits: a critical review and conceptualisation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 11-30. (doi: 10.1007/s11187-017-9865-7)
Covin, J. G. & Miller, D. (2014). International entrepreneurial orientation: Conceptual considerations, research themes, measurement issues, and future research directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38, 11- 44.
Engle, R. L., Schlaegel, C., & Dimitriadi, N. (2011). Institutions and entrepreneurial intent: A cross-country study. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 16(2), 227-250. doi:10.1142/S1084946711001811
Esfandiar, K., Sharifi-Tehrani, M., Pratt, S., & Altinay, L. (2019). Understanding entrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach. Journal of Business Research, 94(C), 172-182.
Gnyawali, D. R., & Fogel, D. S. (1994). Environments for Entrepreneurship Development: Key Dimensions and Research Implications. Entrepreneurship: Theory &Practice, 18(4), 43-62. doi:10.1177/104225879401800403
Hair, J. F., Hollingsworth, C. L., Randolph, A. B., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2017). An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(3), 442–458.
Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M. and Ringle, C.M. (2019) When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31, 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hechavarria, D. & Ingram, A. (2019). Entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions and gendered national-level entrepreneurial activity: a 14-year panel study of GEM. Small Business Economics. 53. 1-28. 10.1007/s11187-018-9994-7.
Herrington, M., Kew, J., Simrie, M. & Turton, N. (2011). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2011 South Africa. The UCT Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship.
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Camp, S. M., & Sexton, D. L. (2001). Strategic entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation. Strategic Management Journal. 22(6-7), 479-491.
Isenberg, D. (2011). The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship. Babson Park: MA: Babson College. Retrieved from Meck, E. A., & Mayer, H. (2015). The evolutionary dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Urban Studies. doi:10.1177/0042098015586547
Kee, D. M., Yusoff, Y. M., & Khin, S. (2019). The role of support on start-up success: A PLS-SEM approach. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 24(1), 43-59. doi:10.21315/aamj2019.24. s1.4
Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J. A., Naderi Mahdei, K., Lans, T., Chizari, M., & Mulder, M. (2017). Testing the relationship between personality characteristics, contextual factors, and entrepreneurial intentions in a developing country. International Journal of Psychology, 52(3), 227-240. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12209
Kozhakhmetov, A & Nikiforova, Nina, N., & Sholpan, M. (2016). Entrepreneurial ecosystem at universities: Formation and Development, In agintayeva, A. & Kurakbayev, K. (Eds.). (2016). Higher Education and Modernisation of the Economy: Innovative and Entrepreneurial Universities. Proceedings of the 5th Eurasian Higher Education Leaders’ Forum. Astana: Indigo Print
Krastina, A. (2017). Development of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem for Efficient Entrepreneurial Learning in European Arctic: Case InnoBarentsLab and Creative Steps 2.0.
Krueger, N. F. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions are dead: Long live entrepreneurial intentions. Revisiting the entrepreneurial mind. New York: Springer International Publishing
Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D. & Carsrud, A.L. (2000) Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. (2009). Development and Cross–Cultural Application of a Specific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
Lane, P. M. (2016). Creating the environment for innovation and entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship Review, 2(2), 53-66.
Mack, E., & Mayer, H. (2016). The evolutionary dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Urban Studies, 53(10), 2118–2133.
Manimala, M. J., Thomas, P., & Thomas, P. K. (2014). Perception of entrepreneurial ecosystem in India: Influence of industrial versus personal context of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship in BRICS, 105-123.
Mason, C., & Brown, R. (2014). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth-oriented entrepreneurship. Final Report to OECD http://lib.davender.com/wpcontent/uploads/2015/03 /Entrepreneurial-ecosystems-OECD.pdf.
Malecki, E. J. (2018). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Geography Compass, 12(3). doi:10.1111/gec3.12359
Nepal, B., Silwal, Y.B., Adhikari, R. P., Upadhyay, S.P., & Luitel, C.P. (2021). Role of School Level Curriculum Toward Development of Entrepreneurial Intention of Student: A Cross Sectional Study in Bagmati Province, Nepal. Shanlax International Journal of Management, 8(4), 1-16.
Olutuase, S. O., Brijlal, P., Yan, B. & Ologundudu, E. (2018). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Intention: Impact of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Factors. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(Special Issue): 1–14.
Pereverzeva, E. (2015). Key Elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem facilitating the growth of ICT entrepreneurs in Russia. Entrepreneurship in BRICS, 65-90.
Prajapati, B. (2019). Entrepreneurial intention among business students: The effect of entrepreneurship education. Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research, 3(1), 54-67.
Rovere, R. L., Vilarinhos, P. M., & de Souza, T. A. (2015). Entrepreneurship and venture creation in Brazil: Key policy issues. In R. L. Rovere, L. d. Ozorio, & L. d. Melo, Entrepreneurship in BRICS (pp. 47-63). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11412-5_4
Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R. (2010) Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach (4th ed.) New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Shane, S. (2012). Reflections on the 2010 AMR Decade Award: delivering on the promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. The Academy of Management Review, 37 (1), 10–20.
Shapero, A. (1984). The Entrepreneurial Event. In C. A. Kent, (Ed.), The Environment for Entrepreneurship. Lexington Books: Lexington, MA, pp.21–40.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). Some social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, C., Sexton, D. & Vesper, K. (Eds.), The encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs.
Shepherd, D. A., & Krueger, N. F. (2002). An intentions-based model of entrepreneurial teams’ social cognition. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2), 167–185.
Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: A sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759–1769. doi:10.1080/09654313.2015.1061484
Stam, E., & Van de Ven, A. (2019). Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements. Small Business Economics. doi:10.1007/s11187-019-00270-6
Thai, Q. H., Mai, K. N., & Do, T. T. (2023). An Evolution of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Studies: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda. SAGE Open, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231153060
Urban, B. (2013). Influence of the institutional environment on entrepreneurial intentions in an emerging economy. Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 14(3), 179-191. Doi: 10.5367/ijei.2013.0122
Vidal-Suñé, A. & López-Panisello, M. B. (2013). Institutional and Economic Determinants of the Perception of Opportunities and Entrepreneurial Intention. Investigations Regionales. Journal of Regional Research 26, 75–96.
Ahmad, S. Z. (2011). Evidence of the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 123-143.
Zhao, Y., & Yang, Y. (2014). Entrepreneurship and new venture creation in China: Focusing on ICT sectors. Entrepreneurship in BRICS, 65-90. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11412-5_5
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Social Research & Innovation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
